Evaluation of surface chemistries for antibody microarrays.

Antibody microarrays are an emerging technology that promises to be a powerful tool for the detection of disease biomarkers. The current technology for protein microarrays has been derived primarily from DNA microarrays and is not fully characterized for use with proteins. For example, there are a myriad of surface chemistries that are commercially available for antibody microarrays, but there are no rigorous studies that compare these different surfaces. Therefore, we have used a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microarray platform to analyze 17 different commercially available slide types. Full standard curves were generated for 23 different assays. We found that this approach provides a rigorous and quantitative system for comparing the different slide types based on spot size and morphology, slide noise, spot background, lower limit of detection, and reproducibility. These studies demonstrate that the properties of the slide surface affect the activity of immobilized antibodies and the quality of data produced. Although many slide types produce useful data, glass slides coated with aldehyde silane, poly-l-lysine, or aminosilane (with or without activation with a crosslinker) consistently produce superior results in the sandwich ELISA microarray analyses we performed.