Predict, prevent and personalize: Genomic and proteomic approaches to cardiovascular medicine.

Genomic and proteomic approaches to cardiovascular medicine promise to revolutionize our understanding of disease initiation and progression. This improved appreciation of pathophysiology may be translated into avenues of clinical utility. Gene-based presymptomatic prediction of illness, finer diagnostic subclassifications and improved risk assessment tools will permit earlier and more targeted intervention. Pharmacogenetics will guide our therapeutic decisions and monitor response to therapy. Personalized medicine will require the integration of clinical information, stable and dynamic genomics, and molecular phenotyping. Bioinformatics will be crucial in translating these data into useful applications, leading to improved diagnosis, prediction, prognostication and treatment. The present paper reviews the potential contributions of genomic and proteomic approaches in developing a more personalized approach to cardiovascular medicine.