Dietary fat composition influences fatty acid composition of milk fat globule membrane in lactating cows.

Milk fat globule membranes are derived directly from the apical plasma membrane of mammary epithelial cells. To evaluate the effect of dietary fat on mammary membranes, we determined the fatty acid composition of the milk fat globule membrane in lactating dairy cows fed diets supplemented with fats of different fatty acid composition, or infused intravenously with soy oil emulsion. A preliminary survey, using an abbreviated preparation procedure (membranes isolated at 48,000 x g-max for 15 min), yielded about 45% of the total membrane fatty acids that could be recovered by centrifuging at the same speed for 120 min, and showed that changes in fatty acid composition of membranes reflected dietary fatty acids to some extent. Dietary palmitic acid increased the content of 16:0 in the membranes. A high corn diet increased ruminal formation of t18:1, and its level increased to 12% of membrane fatty acids. Infusion of soy oil emulsion increased 18:2 membrane content, and decreased the levels of 18:1 and 20:4. All treatments decreased the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids as compared to controls, whereas the ratio of polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids was increased by feeding a high corn diet or by infusing soy oil. The ratio of 18:2/c18:1 increased from 0.31 to 1.0 after infusing soy oil for 4 days. The fatty acids of membranes isolated upon 120-min centrifugation were slightly more saturated. The differences were not sufficiently large, however, to affect overall results significantly.