Viral hepatitis and HIV in Africa.

With increasing access to antiretroviral therapy across sub-Saharan Africa, progress is finally being made in combating the devastating HIV epidemic. As HIV-infected individuals live longer, the effects of coinfection with chronic hepatitis B and C will likely become an increasingly relevant issue. Indeed, HIV adversely affects the natural history of HBV and HCV, both of which are endemic across the African continent, Issues ranging from appropriate diagnostic testing to prevention and treatment are affected by HIV coinfection, particularly in resource-limited settings. In addition, some of the more complex problems such as occult infection, immune reconstitution, and antiretroviral hepatotoxicity are becoming increasingly important considerations. In this review, we present the available data on coinfection in Africa with a major emphasis on prevalence, routes of transmission, prevention and treatment strategies.