Bacterial community dynamics during the winter-spring transition in the North Sea.

Bacterioplankton dynamics at Helgoland Roads (54 degrees 11.3'N, 7 degrees 54.0'E) in the North Sea over the winter-spring transition were investigated. The bacterial community was analyzed and correlated with phytoplankton community data and abiotic parameters. The community structure was analyzed by ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes followed by DNA sequence analysis. The linkage of abiotic and biotic environmental factors and bacterial community as well as phylotypes (sequenced DGGE bands) was analyzed by the ordination technique of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Generally, an influence of temperature and phytoplankton on the bacterial community during the sampling period was observed. Additionally, multivariate analysis by factors revealed an influence on specific bacterial phylotypes of these factors. Overall, results indicate that changes in the bacterial community were caused not only by abiotic factors but also by the phytoplankton community.