| Literature DB >> 17124560 |
Bettina Glasl1, Björn Ludwig, Peter Schopf.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the actual need for orthodontic treatment in the late mixed dentition according to the German KIG system (Kieferorthopädische Indikationsgruppen = Orthodontic Indication Groups). By comparing the findings with those of the early mixed dentition, we aimed to evaluate whether a change in the spectrum of malocclusions would occur. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Dental check-ups took place in schools in Frankfurt am Main, during which the orthodontically-relevant symptoms of 1251 schoolchildren (female 49.5%, male 50.5%) in grades 4 and 5 were recorded and compared with findings documented 4 years earlier in the same classes at the same schools.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2006 PMID: 17124560 PMCID: PMC3233369 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-006-0615-8
Source DB: PubMed Journal: J Orofac Orthop ISSN: 1434-5293 Impact factor: 1.938
Classification of orthodontic treatment need using German orthodontic indication groups (KIG).
| Malocclusion | Severity grade | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||
| A | Craniofacial Anomalies (Kranifoaziale Anomalien) | Cleft palate and syndromes | ||||
| U | Missing teeth (Zahnunterzahl) | Agenesis or loss | ||||
| S | Disturbance in tooth eruption (Durchbruchsstörungen) | Impaction | Displacement | |||
| D | Sagittal discrepancy increased overjet (distale Stufe) | < 3 mm | 3–6 mm | > 6–9 mm | > 9 mm | |
| M | Sagittal discrepancy negative overjet (mesiale Stufe) | 0–3 mm | > 3 mm | |||
| O | Vertical discrepancy open bite (offener Biss) | < 1 mm | > 1–2 mm | > 2–4 mm | > 4 mm habitually open | > 4 mm skeletally open |
| T | Vertical discrepancy deep bite (tiefer Biss) | > 1–3 mm | > 3 mm with / without nucosal contact | > 3 mm with traumatic mucosal impingement | ||
| B | Transverse discrepancy (Bukkal-, Lingualokklusion) | Scissors bite | ||||
| K | Transverse discrepancy crossbite (Kreuzbiss) | Buccolingually cusp-to-cusp relation | Bilateral crossbite | Unilateral crossbite | ||
| E | Contact point displacement (Engstand) | < 1 mm | > 1–3 mm | > 3–5 mm | > 5 mm | |
| P | Space deficiency (Platzmangel) | < 3 mm | > 3–4 mm | > 4 mm | ||
Figure 1Development of the sagittal dimensions during 4 years.
Figure 6State of the supporting zones among children examined at ages 9 to 11.
Figure 7Frequency of individual KIG symptoms (including multiple reference) among children examined at ages 9 to 11. K: crossbite; E: crowding; D: distocclusion; M: mesioclusion; P: space deficiency; T: deep bite; U: tooth aplasia; S: tooth retention/displacement; B: scissiors bite; O: open bite.
Figure 8Treatment need (according to KIG) among children examined at ages 9 to 11. 1, 2 = self-paid treatment; 3, 4, 5 = insurance-paid treatment.
Figure 2Development of the sagittal jaw base relationship over 4 years.
Figure 3Development of crossbites over 4 years.
Figure 4Development of the overbite over 4 years.