Impact of neglect on functional outcome after stroke: a review of methodological issues and recent research findings.

PURPOSE: This study provides an update on recent research findings concerning neglect and its impact on functional outcome. The review covers studies published during the past ten years.
METHODS: A systematic review was carried out on reports drawn from electronic databases (MEDLINE and PSYCHLIT, January 1996 - August 2005) and identified from the lists of references in these reports. Unpublished reports, articles in other than the English language, and studies with non-human and non-adult subjects were excluded. The selection criteria were met by 26 articles.
RESULTS: 15 of the 26 studies recruited heterogeneous patient groups (patients with right and left and/or unspecified lesions). The results from homogeneous groups (right hemisphere patients) were more consistent, emphasizing neglect as an independent predictor of functional outcome. Studies with homogeneous patient groups used consecutive series of patients, standardized measures of neglect, and a broader concept of functional outcome (both motor and cognitive items) than those with heterogeneous patient groups. Follow-ups longer than one year were very rare.
CONCLUSIONS: Neglect has a significant negative impact on functional outcome, either as an independent predictive factor or in connection with other variables. The results, however, are inevitably affected by differences in patient samples and in the methods used in assessing neglect and functional outcome. Research focusing on homogeneous patient groups and especially on left hemisphere patients is needed. Neglect should be assessed with a standardized test battery rather than a single test, and functional outcome should be measured with scales consisting of cognitive, social and motor items. Also longer follow-ups are needed to verify the long-term functional outcome of neglect patients.