Two decades of imipenem therapy.

Imipenem, the first carbapenem discovered, was developed more than two decades ago in response to an unmet need for a highly potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with a strong safety profile. It has since been used to treat more than 26 million patients. In an era where antibiotic use has driven antibiotic resistance, choosing appropriate initial therapy for serious infection is critical. Appropriate antibiotic regimens must cover all likely pathogens, be administered promptly at the correct dosage and dosing interval, be well tolerated and prevent the emergence of resistance. While imipenem was initially reserved for use in intractable, serious infections, the benefits of early aggressive therapy are now known, making imipenem a core agent in de-escalation therapy due to proven efficacy and safety for indications such as nosocomial pneumonia, intra-abdominal infection, sepsis and febrile neutropenia. De-escalation therapy with an agent such as imipenem minimizes resistance development by initiating aggressive initial treatment and then tailoring therapy based on patient response and culture results, switching to a less expensive, narrower spectrum antibiotic regimen or shortening the duration of therapy. Imipenem has maintained sustained clinical efficacy, tolerability and in vitro activity against important bacterial pathogens for two decades. We review the factors that continue to make imipenem as appropriate an agent for de-escalation therapy now as it was 20 years ago.