Use of optical density detection times to assess the effect of acetic acid on single-cell kinetics.

The growth of Listeria innocua at different acetic acid concentrations (0 to 2,000 ppm) was monitored by optical density measurements in a Bioscreen (Labsystems, Vantaa, Finland). The generated populations came from low inocula that were obtained by serial dilution. A new method to estimate both the growth rate and the lag time of single cells from the detection times (time to reach an optical density of 0.11) was developed. It assumes that the single-cell lag times follow a gamma distribution and takes into account the randomness of the inoculation level. (The initial cell number per well was assumed to follow a Poisson distribution.) In this way, relatively small numbers of replicates are sufficient to obtain a robust estimation of the distribution of single-cell lag times. The results were validated with plate count experiments. It was found that logarithms of both the growth rates and of population lag times increased linearly with the acetic acid concentration. The logarithm of the scale parameter of the gamma distribution of the single-cell lag times also increased linearly with the acetic acid concentration irrespective of the phase of the inoculum.