OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between smoke-free law coverage and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the United States non-smoking adult population. DESIGN: We used data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey designed to monitor the health and nutritional status of the US population. Serum cotinine levels were available for 5866 non-smoking adults from 57 survey locations. Each location was categorised into one of three groups indicating extensive, limited, and no coverage by a smoke-free law. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportion of adults with SHS exposure, defined as having serum cotinine levels > or = 0.05 ng/ml. RESULTS: Among non-smoking adults living in counties with extensive smoke-free law coverage, 12.5% were exposed to SHS, compared with 35.1% with limited coverage, and 45.9% with no law. Adjusting for confounders, men and women residing in counties with extensive coverage had 0.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06 to 0.16) and 0.19 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.34) times the odds of SHS exposure compared to those residing in counties without a smoke-free law. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the scientific evidence suggesting that smoke-free laws are an effective strategy for reducing SHS exposure.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between smoke-free law coverage and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the United States non-smoking adult population. DESIGN: We used data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey designed to monitor the health and nutritional status of the US population. Serum cotinine levels were available for 5866 non-smoking adults from 57 survey locations. Each location was categorised into one of three groups indicating extensive, limited, and no coverage by a smoke-free law. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportion of adults with SHS exposure, defined as having serum cotinine levels > or = 0.05 ng/ml. RESULTS: Among non-smoking adults living in counties with extensive smoke-free law coverage, 12.5% were exposed to SHS, compared with 35.1% with limited coverage, and 45.9% with no law. Adjusting for confounders, men and women residing in counties with extensive coverage had 0.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06 to 0.16) and 0.19 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.34) times the odds of SHS exposure compared to those residing in counties without a smoke-free law. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the scientific evidence suggesting that smoke-free laws are an effective strategy for reducing SHS exposure.
Authors: D P Hopkins; P A Briss; C J Ricard; C G Husten; V G Carande-Kulis; J E Fielding; M O Alao; J W McKenna; D J Sharp; J R Harris; T A Woollery; K W Harris Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2001-02 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: R S Caraballo; G A Giovino; T F Pechacek; P D Mowery; P A Richter; W J Strauss; D J Sharp; M P Eriksen; J L Pirkle; K R Maurer Journal: JAMA Date: 1998-07-08 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: David J Lee; Noella A Dietz; Kristopher L Arheart; James D Wilkinson; John D Clark; Alberto J Caban-Martinez Journal: J Community Health Date: 2008-06
Authors: Joni A Jensen; Barbara A Schillo; Molly M Moilanen; Bruce R Lindgren; Sharon Murphy; Steven Carmella; Stephen S Hecht; Dorothy K Hatsukami Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2010-03-30 Impact factor: 4.254