Respiratory motion compensation with tracked internal and external sensors during CT-guided procedures.

This paper investigates the possibility of using the motion of a patient's anterior surface in combination with a motion model to compensate for internal respiratory motion during tracked biopsies. Position data from two electromagnetically tracked sensors, one placed on the patient's sternum, the other incorporated into a biopsy needle, were acquired during a liver biopsy. The data were used to evaluate the correlation between the position measurements of the two sensors and to derive an affine motion model to assess respiratory motion compensation for image-guided interventional procedures. The correlation reached up to 94% for ranges of steady respiration. The residual motion of the internal sensor after compensation is reduced by a factor of approximately four.