fMRI environment can impair memory performance in young and elderly adults.

The influence of the fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scanning environment on working memory and long-term memory performance was investigated. We predicted that performance would be impaired on memory tasks in the distracting fMRI environment relative to laboratory performance. Results indicated that both young and old adults showed performance decrements in the scanning environment compared to the laboratory for a long-term memory task, but not for a passive working memory task, consistent with the idea that divided attention costs occur for more difficult tasks. In addition, elderly adults were disproportionately impaired by the scanning environment on the long-term memory task, congruent with the finding that divided attention costs at encoding are larger for older than younger adults. The findings suggest that performance may be changed by the scanning environment and that, in some circumstances, the fMRI environment may have a disproportionate effect on cognitive performance of older adults.