Peripheral MR angiography.

Peripheral MR Angiography is rapidly developing and becoming the standard method for evaluating peripheral vascular disease. MRA allows accurate and detailed assessment of peripheral vasculature without requiring arterial catheterization, nephrotoxic contrast, or ionizing radiation. Latest improvements in this area include time-resolved MR angiography, stepping table bolus chase 3D MR angiography, fluoro-triggering, sub-systolic thigh compression to eliminate venous contamination, and parallel imaging. This article reviews these advances, describes how to use them effectively and how to avoid common pitfalls.