Ammonium toxicity in bacteria.

Although an excellent nitrogen source for most bacteria, ammonium was-in analogy to plant and animal systems-assumed be detrimental to bacteria when present in high concentrations. In this study, we examined the effect of molar ammonium concentrations on different model bacteria, namely, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis. The studied bacteria are highly resistant to ammonium. When growth was impaired upon addition of molar (NH4)2SO4 concentrations, this was not caused by an ammonium-specific effect but was due to an enhanced osmolarity or increased ionic strength of the medium. Therefore, it was concluded that ammonium is not detrimental to C. glutamicum and other bacteria even when present in molar concentrations.