Effect of pH on sublingual absorption of oxycodone hydrochloride.

The purpose of this study was to develop a sublingual spray drug delivery formulation of oxycodone and evaluate the effect of formulation pH on sublingual absorption of oxycodone for acute pain management using rabbit as the animal model. Using a new, sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with electrospray ionization detector assay, the absorption bioavailability of sublingual oxycodone was determined in rabbits by comparing plasma concentration after sublingual spray delivery with equivalent intravenous dose. The effect of formulation pH on sublingual absorption of oxycodone was also tested on rabbits that had received oxycodone sublingually at a dose of 0.1 mg/0.1 mL (pH 4.0 and 9.0). Blood samples were collected at different time points, and plasma oxycodone concentrations were determined by LC/MS. Following administration of a 0.1 mg dose, the average C(max) values were found to be 64.9 +/- 12.1 and 95.2 +/- 10.1 ng/mL, for pH 4.0 and 9.0, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) values were found to be 5807.0, and 8965.3 ng.min/mL for formulation pH 4.0 and 9.0, respectively. The mean sublingual bioavailability of oxycodone was 45.4% +/- 20.1% and 70.1% +/- 17.9%, for pH 4.0 and 9.0, respectively. The formulation pH had no significant influence on oxycodone bioavailability (P < .05). A sublingual spray dosage form of oxycodone hydrochloride would be a good alternative for fast onset pain management, especially in children.