Effects of reverberation and masking on speech intelligibility in cochlear implant simulations.

Two experiments investigated the impact of reverberation and masking on speech understanding using cochlear implant (CI) simulations. Experiment 1 tested sentence recognition in quiet. Stimuli were processed with reverberation simulation (T=0.425, 0.266, 0.152, and 0.0 s) and then either processed with vocoding (6, 12, or 24 channels) or were subjected to no further processing. Reverberation alone had only a small impact on perception when as few as 12 channels of information were available. However, when the processing was limited to 6 channels, perception was extremely vulnerable to the effects of reverberation. In experiment 2, subjects listened to reverberated sentences, through 6- and 12-channel processors, in the presence of either speech-spectrum noise (SSN) or two-talker babble (TTB) at various target-to-masker ratios. The combined impact of reverberation and masking was profound, although there was no interaction between the two effects. This differs from results obtained in subjects listening to unprocessed speech where interactions between reverberation and masking have been shown to exist. A speech transmission index (STI) analysis indicated a reasonably good prediction of speech recognition performance. Unlike previous investigations, the SSN and TTB maskers produced equivalent results, raising questions about the role of informational masking in CI processed speech.