OBJECTIVE: To determine if an automatic algorithm using wavelet analysis techniques can be used to reliably determine respiratory rate from the photoplethysmogram (PPG). METHODS: Photoplethysmograms were obtained from 12 spontaneously breathing healthy adult volunteers. Three related wavelet transforms were automatically polled to obtain a measure of respiratory rate. This was compared with a secondary timing signal obtained by asking the volunteers to actuate a small push button switch, held in their right hand, in synchronisation with their respiration. In addition, individual breaths were resolved using the wavelet-method to identify the source of any discrepancies. RESULTS: Volunteer respiratory rates varied from 6.56 to 18.89 breaths per minute. Through training of the algorithm it was possible to determine a respiratory rate for all 12 traces acquired during the study. The maximum error between the PPG derived rates and the manually determined rate was found to be 7.9%. CONCLUSION: Our technique allows the accurate measurement of respiratory rate from the photoplethysmogram, and leads the way for developing a simple non-invasive combined respiration and saturation monitor.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if an automatic algorithm using wavelet analysis techniques can be used to reliably determine respiratory rate from the photoplethysmogram (PPG). METHODS: Photoplethysmograms were obtained from 12 spontaneously breathing healthy adult volunteers. Three related wavelet transforms were automatically polled to obtain a measure of respiratory rate. This was compared with a secondary timing signal obtained by asking the volunteers to actuate a small push button switch, held in their right hand, in synchronisation with their respiration. In addition, individual breaths were resolved using the wavelet-method to identify the source of any discrepancies. RESULTS: Volunteer respiratory rates varied from 6.56 to 18.89 breaths per minute. Through training of the algorithm it was possible to determine a respiratory rate for all 12 traces acquired during the study. The maximum error between the PPG derived rates and the manually determined rate was found to be 7.9%. CONCLUSION: Our technique allows the accurate measurement of respiratory rate from the photoplethysmogram, and leads the way for developing a simple non-invasive combined respiration and saturation monitor.
Authors: Paul S Addison; James N Watson; Michael L Mestek; James P Ochs; Alberto A Uribe; Sergio D Bergese Journal: J Clin Monit Comput Date: 2014-05-06 Impact factor: 2.502
Authors: Sergio D Bergese; Michael L Mestek; Scott D Kelley; Robert McIntyre; Alberto A Uribe; Rakesh Sethi; James N Watson; Paul S Addison Journal: Anesth Analg Date: 2017-04 Impact factor: 5.108
Authors: Peter H Charlton; Drew A Birrenkott; Timothy Bonnici; Marco A F Pimentel; Alistair E W Johnson; Jordi Alastruey; Lionel Tarassenko; Peter J Watkinson; Richard Beale; David A Clifton Journal: IEEE Rev Biomed Eng Date: 2017-10-24