Chromatin remodeling in DNA replication.

Chromatin remodeling complexes have evolved to solve a very basic problem for eukaryotic cells accommodation of the genome to fit the dimensions of the nucleus without loss of access to the DNA molecule. In the nucleus, DNA is wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes and other higher order compact chromatin structures. Chromatin remodeling complexes enable highly regulated access to DNA sequences in the context of chromatin, and it is well known that these complexes are involved in regulation of transcription. However, gene expression is not the only process that occurs in the nucleus. DNA has to be replicated, recombined, and repaired. In this regard, it is notable that the recent discoveries have linked ATP-dependent remodeling complexes to DNA damage repair. These results have raised challenging questions about the possible versatility of chromatin remodeling complexes in other nuclear activities, particularly in DNA replication, since a number of recent studies have suggested a connection between this essential cellular process and chromatin remodeling. However, the chromatin remodeling events regulating DNA replication have not been extensively investigated. The aim of this prospect is to summarize recent studies that implicate chromatin remodeling in DNA replication and to address potential roles of chromatin remodeling at various stages of eukaryotic DNA replication. 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.