Structure-activity relationships in microbial transformation of phenols.

The second-order rate constants for the microbial transformation of a series of phenols were correlated with the physicochemical properties of the phenols. The compounds studied were phenol, p-methylphenol, p-chlorophenol, p-bromophenol, p-cyanophenol, p-nitrophenol, p-acetylphenol, and p-methoxyphenol. Phenol-grown cells of Pseudomonas putida U transformed these compounds. Microbial transformation rate constants ranged from (1.5 +/- 0.99) x 10 liter . organism . h for p-cyanophenol to (7.0 +/- 1.3) x 10 liter . organism . h for phenol. Linear regression analyses of rate constants and electronic, steric, and hydrophobic parameters showed that van der Waal's radii gave the best coefficient of determination (r = 0.956). Products identified by thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography indicated that the phenols were microbially oxidized to the corresponding catechols.