OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis that parasitic infections that induce T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses, such as schistosomiasis, upregulate HIV-1 replication. DESIGN: The effect of concomitant Schistosoma mansoni infection was tested in a primate model of acute and chronic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in rhesus macaques using a novel SHIV strain encoding the R5 env gene of a primary HIV clade C isolate from sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: S. mansoni-infected rhesus macaques and controls were exposed to SHIV to assess the effects of schistosomiasis on acute viral infection. Effects on chronic viral infection were evaluated by exposing virus-infected animals to parasites. S. mansoni infection was confirmed by the presence of parasite eggs in stool and eosinophilia. Viral RNA loads, cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression were measured by real time reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS: S. mansoni coinfection increased the expression of Th2-associated cytokine responses and SHIV replication during both acute and chronic phases of SHIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that concomitant schistosomiasis upregulates replication of immunodeficiency viruses in coinfected hosts, raising the possibility that parasite-infected individuals may also be more susceptible to acquisition of HIV-1 infection.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis that parasitic infections that induce T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses, such as schistosomiasis, upregulate HIV-1 replication. DESIGN: The effect of concomitant Schistosoma mansoni infection was tested in a primate model of acute and chronic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in rhesus macaques using a novel SHIV strain encoding the R5 env gene of a primary HIV clade C isolate from sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS:S. mansoni-infected rhesus macaques and controls were exposed to SHIV to assess the effects of schistosomiasis on acute viral infection. Effects on chronic viral infection were evaluated by exposing virus-infected animals to parasites. S. mansoni infection was confirmed by the presence of parasite eggs in stool and eosinophilia. Viral RNA loads, cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression were measured by real time reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS:S. mansoni coinfection increased the expression of Th2-associated cytokine responses and SHIV replication during both acute and chronic phases of SHIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that concomitant schistosomiasis upregulates replication of immunodeficiency viruses in coinfected hosts, raising the possibility that parasite-infected individuals may also be more susceptible to acquisition of HIV-1 infection.
Authors: Judd L Walson; Barclay T Stewart; Laura Sangaré; Loice W Mbogo; Phelgona A Otieno; Benjamin K S Piper; Barbra A Richardson; Grace John-Stewart Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2010-03-30
Authors: Mila Ayash-Rashkovsky; Agnès-Laurence Chenine; Lisa N Steele; Sandra J Lee; Ruijiang Song; Helena Ong; Robert A Rasmussen; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann; James G Else; Peter Augostini; Harold M McClure; W Evan Secor; Ruth M Ruprecht Journal: Infect Immun Date: 2007-02-05 Impact factor: 3.441
Authors: Sten H Vermund; José A Tique; Holly M Cassell; Megan E Pask; Philip J Ciampa; Carolyn M Audet Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2013-06-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Nagadenahalli B Siddappa; Ruijiang Song; Victor G Kramer; Agnès-Laurence Chenine; Vijayakumar Velu; Helena Ong; Robert A Rasmussen; Ricky D Grisson; Charles Wood; Hong Zhang; Chipeppo Kankasa; Rama Rao Amara; James G Else; Francis J Novembre; David C Montefiori; Ruth M Ruprecht Journal: J Virol Date: 2008-11-19 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Nagadenahalli B Siddappa; Girish Hemashettar; Vivekanandan Shanmuganathan; Amma A Semenya; Elizabeth D Sweeney; Katherine S Paul; Sandra J Lee; W Evan Secor; Ruth M Ruprecht Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2011-08-02