[Status of the subretinal implant project. An overview].

The development of a subretinal prosthesis has come to a stage where human trials are forthcoming. Subretinal prostheses are designed to replace degenerated photoreceptors in diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa or age-related macular degeneration. Microphotodiode arrays are implanted between retinal pigment epithelium and retina. Our group has collected convincing evidence for the principle feasibility of a subretinal prosthesis. Animal experiments have shown that subretinal electrical stimulation can successfully elicit spatially ordered responses in the visual cortex; visual acuity is estimated to reach 0.25 degrees of visual angle. Histological long-term examinations have demonstrated that the retina tolerates a subretinal implant well and also that the implant itself sustains the ocular environments. Surgical procedures have been successfully developed to implant complex subretinal devices.