Outcomes of continuous process improvement of nutritional care program among geriatric units.

BACKGROUND: Up to 65% of elderly patients are protein-calorie undernourished at admission or acquire nutritional deficits while hospitalized. The aims of this project were: (a) to assess the quality of care concerning nutrition among Belgian geriatric units, (b) to include more routinely nutritional assessments and interventions in comprehensive geriatric assessment, and (c) to assess the impact of nutritional recommendations on nutritional status and on the length of hospitalization. Method. We studied 1139 patients consecutively admitted to 12 geriatric units of general hospitals prospectively for 6 months (from January through June 2001). All patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment. For the first 3 months, the nutritional status of the patients on admission and at discharge were assessed without particular recommendations for nutritional intervention. A standardized nutritional intervention was proposed for the last 3 months.
RESULTS: Median value of the Mini Nutritional Assessment test score was 18 points (range 9-29), mean admission's serum prealbumin concentration was 0.185 +/- 0.076 g/L, and C-reactive protein was 5.3 +/- 7.5 mg/100 ml. Hospitalization stay was significantly lower during the interventional period than during the observational period. A higher mean serum prealbumin concentration variation was observed during the interventional period as compared to the observational period.
CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional assessment should be part of routine clinical practice in elderly hospitalized patients. A comprehensive screening tool for assessment of nutritional status is needed that is clinically relevant and cost effective to perform. If malnutrition is suggested by such screening tests, then a supplemental conventional nutritional assessment should be performed before treatment is planned.