Effects of dietary chemopreventive phytochemicals on P-glycoprotein function.

The effects of dietary phytochemicals on P-glycoprotein function were investigated using human multidrug-resistant carcinoma KB-C2 cells and the fluorescent P-glycoprotein substrates daunorubicin and rhodamine 123. The effects of natural chemopreventive compounds, capsaicin found in chilli peppers, curcumin in turmeric, [6]-gingerol in ginger, resveratrol in grapes, sulforaphane in broccoli, 6-methylsulfinyl hexyl isothiocyanate (6-HITC) in Japanese horseradish wasabi, indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in cabbage, and diallyl sulfide and diallyl trisulfide in garlic, were examined. The accumulation of daunorubicin in KB-C2 cells increased in the presence of capsaicin, curcumin, [6]-gingerol, and resveratrol in a concentration-dependent manner. The accumulation of rhodamine 123 in KB-C2 cells was also increased, and the efflux of rhodamine 123 from KB-C2 cells was decreased by these phytochemicals. Sulforaphane, 6-HITC, I3C, and diallyl sulfide and diallyl trisulfide had no effect. These results suggest that dietary phytochemicals, such as capsaicin, curcumin, [6]-gingerol, and resveratrol, have inhibitory effects on P-glycoprotein and potencies to cause drug-food interactions.