In vivo diffusion tensor imaging of the human prostate.

This study demonstrates the feasibility of in vivo prostate diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in human subjects. We implemented an EPI-based diffusion-weighted (DW) sequence with seven-direction diffusion gradient sensitization, and acquired DT images from six subjects using cardiac gating with a phased-array prostate surface coil operating in a linear mode. We calculated two indices to quantify diffusion anisotropy. The direction of the eigenvector corresponding to the leading eigenvalue was displayed by means of a color-coding scheme. The average diffusion values of the prostate peripheral zone (PZ) and central gland (CG) were 1.95 +/- 0.08 x 10(-3) mm2 s and 1.53 +/- 0.34 x 10(-3) mm2 s, respectively. The average fractional anisotropy (FA) values for the PZ and CG were 0.46 +/- 0.04 and 0.40 +/- 0.08, respectively. The diffusion ellipsoid in prostate tissue was anisotropic and approximated a prolate model, as shown in the color maps of the anisotropy. Consistent with the tissue architecture, the prostate fiber orientations were predominantly in the superior-inferior (SI) direction for both the PZ and CG. This study shows the feasibility of in vivo DTI and establishes normative DT values for six subjects. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.