BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has a crucial effect on IgA production, which is the major humoral effector of mucosal immunity. Breast milk contains the abundant amount of TGF-beta in the early period of lactation. AIM-STUDY DESIGN: To verify the notion that TGF-beta in breast milk might contribute to the development of IgA production in newborns, we investigated the association of TGF-beta in maternal colostrum with an increase of serum IgA in newborns during the first month of life. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The concentrations of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, including IL-6 and IL-10, in colostrum samples from 55 healthy mothers were determined by ELISA. The levels of IgA and IgM in serum samples collected from corresponding newborn babies at birth and at 1 month of age were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were detected in substantial quantities in all colostrum samples, but IL-6 and IL-10 were present only in a proportion of samples. An increase of serum IgA in newborn during the first month of life was significantly higher than that of serum IgM (p<0.001). Notably, an increase of serum IgA in newborns during 1 month of life was well correlated with levels of both TGF-beta1 (r=0.38, p=0.005) and TGF-beta2 (r=0.45, p=0.0005) in colostrum, while that of IgM was marginally correlated with colostral TGF-beta2 (r=0.28, p=0.04). The association of increase of serum IgA in newborns with IL-6 and IL-10 in colostrum was not evident. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that TGF-beta in colostrum might serve as the starter of IgA production in newborn infants.
BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta has a crucial effect on IgA production, which is the major humoral effector of mucosal immunity. Breast milk contains the abundant amount of TGF-beta in the early period of lactation. AIM-STUDY DESIGN: To verify the notion that TGF-beta in breast milk might contribute to the development of IgA production in newborns, we investigated the association of TGF-beta in maternal colostrum with an increase of serum IgA in newborns during the first month of life. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The concentrations of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2, including IL-6 and IL-10, in colostrum samples from 55 healthy mothers were determined by ELISA. The levels of IgA and IgM in serum samples collected from corresponding newborn babies at birth and at 1 month of age were measured by ELISA. RESULTS:TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 were detected in substantial quantities in all colostrum samples, but IL-6 and IL-10 were present only in a proportion of samples. An increase of serum IgA in newborn during the first month of life was significantly higher than that of serum IgM (p<0.001). Notably, an increase of serum IgA in newborns during 1 month of life was well correlated with levels of both TGF-beta1 (r=0.38, p=0.005) and TGF-beta2 (r=0.45, p=0.0005) in colostrum, while that of IgM was marginally correlated with colostral TGF-beta2 (r=0.28, p=0.04). The association of increase of serum IgA in newborns with IL-6 and IL-10 in colostrum was not evident. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that TGF-beta in colostrum might serve as the starter of IgA production in newborn infants.
Authors: Alexandra R Sitarik; Kevin R Bobbitt; Suzanne L Havstad; Kei E Fujimura; Albert M Levin; Edward M Zoratti; Haejin Kim; Kimberley J Woodcroft; Ganesa Wegienka; Dennis R Ownby; Christine L M Joseph; Susan V Lynch; Christine C Johnson Journal: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr Date: 2017-09 Impact factor: 2.839
Authors: Trang V Nguyen; Lijuan Yuan; Marli S P Azevedo; Kwang-Il Jeong; Ana-Maria Gonzalez; Linda J Saif Journal: Vet Immunol Immunopathol Date: 2007-03-01 Impact factor: 2.046
Authors: U Holmlund; P Amoudruz; M A Johansson; Y Haileselassie; A Ongoiba; K Kayentao; B Traoré; S Doumbo; J Schollin; O Doumbo; S M Montgomery; E Sverremark-Ekström Journal: Clin Exp Immunol Date: 2010-10-05 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: Timothy L Denning; Amina M Bhatia; Andrea F Kane; Ravi M Patel; Patricia W Denning Journal: Semin Perinatol Date: 2016-12-09 Impact factor: 3.300