Justified chauvinism: advances in defining meiotic recombination through sperm typing.

Sperm typing offers an efficient means of studying the quantitative and qualitative aspects of meiotic recombination that are virtually unapproachable by pedigree analysis. Since the initial development of the technique >10 years ago, several salient findings based on empirically derived recombination data have been described. The precise rates and distributions of recombination have been reported for specific regions of the genome, serving as the prototype for high-resolution genome-wide recombination patterns. Identification and characterization of molecular genetic events, such as unequal crossing over, gene conversion and crossover asymmetry, are under close inspection for the first time as a result of this technology. The influence of these phenomena on the evolution of the genome is of primary interest from a scientific and medical perspective. In this article, we review the novel discoveries in mammalian meiotic recombination that have been revealed through sperm typing.