PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of intra-articularly administered ketamine, neostigmine, and bupivacaine after outpatient arthroscopic surgery. TYPE OF STUDY: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical study. METHODS: In this study, 60 patients undergoingarthroscopic surgery other than ligament reconstruction were evaluated for postoperative pain. Ketamine, neostigmine, and bupivacaine were administered intra-articularly. The period of effective analgesia, recorded in minutes, was measured between time 0 and first usage of patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA) by the patients. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to describe the pain level of the patient. RESULTS:VAS values were lower for the 3 medication groups compared with the placebo at rest and 90 degrees knee flexion. Intra-articular administration of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine provided longer duration of analgesia as defined by the first PCA use time (P <.05). The total amount of pethidine and analgesia time were longer for the 3 medication groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our basic finding was reduction in postoperative pain and consumption of adequate analgesic drugs with intra-articular ketamine, bupivacaine, or neostigmine use. We have not seen any psychomimetic side effects, particularly as seen with higher doses or systemic use. This study may conclude that intra-articular administration of ketamine provides long-lasting and effective analgesia, similar to neostigmine but less effective than bupivacaine after knee arthroscopy without any adverse effects. LEVEL OF EVEIDENCE: Level I.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of intra-articularly administered ketamine, neostigmine, and bupivacaine after outpatient arthroscopic surgery. TYPE OF STUDY: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical study. METHODS: In this study, 60 patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery other than ligament reconstruction were evaluated for postoperative pain. Ketamine, neostigmine, and bupivacaine were administered intra-articularly. The period of effective analgesia, recorded in minutes, was measured between time 0 and first usage of patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA) by the patients. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to describe the pain level of the patient. RESULTS: VAS values were lower for the 3 medication groups compared with the placebo at rest and 90 degrees knee flexion. Intra-articular administration of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine provided longer duration of analgesia as defined by the first PCA use time (P <.05). The total amount of pethidine and analgesia time were longer for the 3 medication groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our basic finding was reduction in postoperative pain and consumption of adequate analgesic drugs with intra-articularketamine, bupivacaine, or neostigmine use. We have not seen any psychomimetic side effects, particularly as seen with higher doses or systemic use. This study may conclude that intra-articular administration of ketamine provides long-lasting and effective analgesia, similar to neostigmine but less effective than bupivacaine after knee arthroscopy without any adverse effects. LEVEL OF EVEIDENCE: Level I.
Authors: Marcos George de Souza Leão; Juscimar Carneiro Nunes; Ivan Tramujas da Costa E Silva; Alan Braga Perfeito; Wagner de Paula Rogério; Rafaela Brasil E Silva Nunes Journal: Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo) Date: 2021-04-19
Authors: M M Campo; G M M J Kerkhoffs; I N Sierevelt; R R Weeseman; H M Van der Vis; G H R Albers Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Date: 2011-06-01 Impact factor: 4.342
Authors: Cleo S Bonnet; Anwen S Williams; Sophie J Gilbert; Ann K Harvey; Bronwen A Evans; Deborah J Mason Journal: Ann Rheum Dis Date: 2013-10-15 Impact factor: 19.103