Attentional capture by auto- and allo-cues.

In a host of studies, the ability of various types of cues to capture attention has been examined. This article reviews a number of these studies by organizing them into a classification scheme based on the relationship between the putative attention-capturing item (the cue) and the item used to assess the distribution of attention (the probe). The second dimension of this taxonomy divides paradigms of attentional capture into those in which capture is indexed by performance benefits and those in which capture is indexed by performance costs. The relative methodological merits and disadvantages of the paradigms that occupy each of the cells of the resulting two-by-two matrix are discussed. A final section offers a new interpretation of the finding that dynamic cues capture attention.