Responses of foliar gas exchange to long-term elevated CO(2) concentrations in mature loblolly pine trees.

Branches of field-grown mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees were exposed for 2 years (1992 and 1993) to ambient or elevated CO(2) concentrations (ambient + 165 micro mol mol(-1) or ambient + 330 micro mol mol(-1) CO(2)). Exposure to elevated CO(2) concentrations enhanced rates of net photosynthesis (P(n)) by 53-111% compared to P(n) of foliage exposed to ambient CO(2). At the same CO(2) measurement concentration, the ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO(2) concentration (C(i)/C(a)) and stomatal conductance to water vapor did not differ among foliage grown in an ambient or enriched CO(2) concentration. Analysis of the relationship between P(n) and C(i) indicated no significant change in carboxylation efficiency of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase during growth in elevated CO(2) concentrations. Based on estimates derived from P(n)/C(i) curves, there were no apparent treatment differences in dark respiration, CO(2) compensation point or P(n) at the mean C(i). In 1992, foliage in the three CO(2) treatments yielded similar estimates of CO(2)-saturated P(n) (P(max)), whereas in 1993, estimates of P(max) were higher for branches grown in elevated CO(2) than in ambient CO(2). We conclude that field-grown loblolly pine trees do not exhibit downward acclimation of leaf-level photosynthesis in their long-term response to elevated CO(2) concentrations.