'Signalling' between chromosomes in crane-fly spermatocytes studied using ultraviolet microbeam irradiation.

The present article deals with signals from kinetochores in anaphase crane-fly spermatocytes: when a half-bivalent's kinetochore is irradiated with an ultraviolet microbeam during anaphase, all half-bivalents in the cell stop moving to both poles. Movement blockage is temporary, and different half-bivalent pairs resume movement at different times. Movement stoppage presumably is due to signals arising from the irradiated kinetochores and transmitted to the 'motors' of the other chromosomes. We used a second irradiation (of the interzone) to determine the path of the signal. We reasoned that if irradiation of the interzone blocked transmission of the putative signal, then those chromosomes not receiving the signal should continue to move after irradiation of a kinetochore. Interzone irradiation interfered with the signal in about 20% of the 51 cells irradiated doubly, in that chromosome(s) moving to one pole stopped while chromosome(s) moving to the other pole continued. There was a second indication that interzonal irradiation blocked the signal: in about 30% of the cells in which the kinetochore was irradiated first and interzone second, all half-bivalents resumed movement immediately after the second irradiation.