Reading nonwords aloud: results requiring change in the dual route cascaded model.

The time to name a nonword increases monotonically as letter length increases. The leading computational model of basic processes in reading (Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon & Ziegler's dual route cascaded model) simulates this, because its nonlexical route assigns phonemes to letters serially, left to right, and arguably, this corresponds to what humans do. New simulation work shows that (1) this letter length effect interacts with the effect of slowing the rate of early processing, and (2) the model produces a qualitatively different pattern from that observed with university-level readers. The contrast between simulation and human performance thus illuminates a problem with how the nonlexical route operates in the model, and constrains accounts that can be provided for the human data. Consideration is given to thresholding the output of the letter-level module as a way to modify the model so as to make it possible to simulate the human data.