Models for chromatin remodeling: a critical comparison.

Nucleosome remodeling has been shown, in many cases, to involve cis displacement of nucleosomes on the DNA. This process seems similar to the long-recognized random diffusion of nucleosomes along DNA, but the remodeling process is unidirectional and ATP dependent. Several years ago, we developed a model for nucleosome migration, based on the diffusion of "twist-defects" within the nucleosomal DNA. This has been modified into a model that incorporates ATP-dependent defect generation, and can account for many observations concerning remodeling. However, certain experimental studies in recent years have cast doubt on the applicability of the twist-diffusion model for remodeling, and seem to favor instead a "reptation" model. We discuss herein these problems and propose a resolution.