Force transfer in implant dentistry: basic concepts and principles.

The mechanism and efficiency of force transfer by dental implants to contiguous biological tissues are clearly important determinants in the development of the implant-to-tissue interface and, indeed, implant longevity. Whether a clinician seeks to gain a better understanding of implant design rationale and/or to implement biomechanics concepts in patient care, a fundamental, yet clinically relevant, understanding of biomechanics is required. A primer in force transfer is thus presented, with particular attention focused on implications for the long-term success of dental implants and restorative procedures. Forces and their components, moments, force transfer mechanisms, impact, and stress-strain relationships all influence clinical decisions and treatment plans.