Perceived naturalness of spectrally distorted speech and music.

We determined how the perceived naturalness of music and speech (male and female talkers) signals was affected by various forms of linear filtering, some of which were intended to mimic the spectral "distortions" introduced by transducers such as microphones, loudspeakers, and earphones. The filters introduced spectral tilts and ripples of various types, variations in upper and lower cutoff frequency, and combinations of these. All of the differently filtered signals (168 conditions) were intermixed in random order within one block of trials. Levels were adjusted to give approximately equal loudness in all conditions. Listeners were required to judge the perceptual quality (naturalness) of the filtered signals on a scale from 1 to 10. For spectral ripples, perceived quality decreased with increasing ripple density up to 0.2 ripple/ERB(N) and with increasing ripple depth. Spectral tilts also degraded quality, and the effects were similar for positive and negative tilts. Ripples and/or tilts degraded quality more when they extended over a wide frequency range (87-6981 Hz) than when they extended over subranges. Low- and mid-frequency ranges were roughly equally important for music, but the mid-range was most important for speech. For music, the highest quality was obtained for the broadband signal (55-16,854 Hz). Increasing the lower cutoff frequency from 55 Hz resulted in a clear degradation of quality. There was also a distinct degradation as the upper cutoff frequency was decreased from 16,845 Hz. For speech, there was a marked degradation when the lower cutoff frequency was increased from 123 to 208 Hz and when the upper cutoff frequency was decreased from 10,869 Hz. Typical telephone bandwidth (313 to 3547 Hz) gave very poor quality.