PURPOSE: To examine the association between cardiovascular disease and its risk factors and the 10-year incidence of age-related maculopathy. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Persons 43 to 86 years of age at baseline examination from 1988 to 1990, living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, of whom 3684 persons participated in a 5-year follow-up examination and 2764 participated in a 10-year follow-up examination. METHODS: Standardized protocols for physical examination, blood collection, administration of a questionnaire, and stereoscopic color fundus photography to determine age-related maculopathy. The Kaplan-Meier (product-limit) survival approach and discrete linear logistic regression were used in the data analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy. RESULTS: When age, gender, and history of heavy drinking, smoking, and vitamin use were controlled for, higher systolic blood pressure at baseline was associated with the 10-year incidence of retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation (risk ratio [RR] per 10 mmHg systolic blood pressure, 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.18; P = 0.02) and exudative macular degeneration (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06-1.41; P = 0.006). Higher pulse pressure at baseline was associated with the incidence of retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation (RR per 10 mmHg, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.28; P < 0.001), increased retinal pigment (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19; P = 0.03), exudative macular degeneration (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14-1.60; P < 0.001), and progression of age-related maculopathy (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17; P = 0.03). Higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at baseline was associated with pure geographic atrophy (RR per 10 mg/dl high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05-1.58; P = 0.01). Physical activity at baseline was associated with the incidence of geographic atrophy (RR in those who worked up a sweat 5 times a week compared with those who did not, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.91; P = 0.04) exudative macular degeneration (RR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08-0.87; P = 0.05), and progression of age-related maculopathy (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.47-1.00; P = 0.05). Neither a history of stroke nor heart attack was associated with the incidence or progression of age-related maculopathy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate relationships between higher pulse pressure (a presumed indicator of age-related elastin and collagen changes in Bruch's membrane) and systolic blood pressure with an increased 10-year incidence of some lesions defining early age-related maculopathy and exudative macular degeneration.
PURPOSE: To examine the association between cardiovascular disease and its risk factors and the 10-year incidence of age-related maculopathy. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Persons 43 to 86 years of age at baseline examination from 1988 to 1990, living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, of whom 3684 persons participated in a 5-year follow-up examination and 2764 participated in a 10-year follow-up examination. METHODS: Standardized protocols for physical examination, blood collection, administration of a questionnaire, and stereoscopic color fundus photography to determine age-related maculopathy. The Kaplan-Meier (product-limit) survival approach and discrete linear logistic regression were used in the data analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy. RESULTS: When age, gender, and history of heavy drinking, smoking, and vitamin use were controlled for, higher systolic blood pressure at baseline was associated with the 10-year incidence of retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation (risk ratio [RR] per 10 mmHg systolic blood pressure, 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.18; P = 0.02) and exudative macular degeneration (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06-1.41; P = 0.006). Higher pulse pressure at baseline was associated with the incidence of retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation (RR per 10 mmHg, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07-1.28; P < 0.001), increased retinal pigment (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.19; P = 0.03), exudative macular degeneration (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14-1.60; P < 0.001), and progression of age-related maculopathy (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17; P = 0.03). Higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at baseline was associated with pure geographic atrophy (RR per 10 mg/dl high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05-1.58; P = 0.01). Physical activity at baseline was associated with the incidence of geographic atrophy (RR in those who worked up a sweat 5 times a week compared with those who did not, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.91; P = 0.04) exudative macular degeneration (RR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08-0.87; P = 0.05), and progression of age-related maculopathy (RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.47-1.00; P = 0.05). Neither a history of stroke nor heart attack was associated with the incidence or progression of age-related maculopathy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate relationships between higher pulse pressure (a presumed indicator of age-related elastin and collagen changes in Bruch's membrane) and systolic blood pressure with an increased 10-year incidence of some lesions defining early age-related maculopathy and exudative macular degeneration.
Authors: Yijun Hu; Haijiang Lin; Bernard Dib; Alp Atik; Peggy Bouzika; Christopher Lin; Yueran Yan; Shibo Tang; Joan W Miller; Demetrios G Vavvas Journal: Discov Med Date: 2014 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 2.970
Authors: Mark W Logue; Matthew Schu; Badri N Vardarajan; John Farrell; Kathryn L Lunetta; Gyungah Jun; Clinton T Baldwin; Margaret M Deangelis; Lindsay A Farrer Journal: Neurobiol Aging Date: 2013-12-19 Impact factor: 4.673
Authors: Alexandra C Silveira; Margaux A Morrison; Fei Ji; Haiyan Xu; James B Reinecke; Scott M Adams; Trevor M Arneberg; Maria Janssian; Joo-Eun Lee; Yang Yuan; Debra A Schaumberg; Maria G Kotoula; Evangeline E Tsironi; Aristoteles N Tsiloulis; Dimitrios Z Chatzoulis; Joan W Miller; Ivana K Kim; Gregory S Hageman; Lindsay A Farrer; Neena B Haider; Margaret M DeAngelis Journal: Vision Res Date: 2009-09-26 Impact factor: 1.886