Excitotoxic lesions of the prelimbic-infralimbic areas of the rodent prefrontal cortex disrupt motor preparatory processes.

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in a variety of cognitive and emotional processes; in rodents its implication in motor planning is less known, however. We therefore investigated how the mPFC contributes to the information processes involved in the execution of a reaction time task in rats. Subjects were trained to rapidly release a lever at the onset of a cue light, which was presented after an unpredictable period of variable duration (500, 750, 1000 and 1250 ms). Excitotoxic lesions of the whole mPFC or two mPFC subregions [e.g. the dorsal anterior cingulate and the prelimbic-infralimbic (PL-IL) areas] were achieved by intracerebral infusions of ibotenic acid (9.4 micro g/ micro L) at different volumes. Extensive mPFC lesions produced increased premature responding and disrupted motor readiness, e.g. the distribution of preparatory patterns during the variable preparatory periods. The deficits lasted for 3 weeks and could be reinstated 2 months after the lesion by varying the duration of the preparatory periods to increase time uncertainty. Furthermore, lesions restricted to the PL-IL cortex areas reproduced all the deficits of mPFC lesions, whereas pregenual anterior cingulate cortex lesions had no effect. The results emphasize a critical role of the rat PL-IL region in motor preparatory processes. Hence, discrete lesions of this area reproduce some deficits such as impairment of time estimation and disinhibitory behaviours observed in humans with frontal hypoactivity.