Validation of fluoroscopy-based navigation in the hip region: what you see is what you get?

Fluoroscopy-based navigation systems can be used for internal fixation of intracapsular femoral neck fractures, with the object of optimizing positioning of the implant and reducing radiation exposure. With this technique, the virtual position and direction of a reamer can be simultaneously superimposed on anteroposterior (AP) and axial (AX) fluoroscopic images. However, surgeons have to rely on the accuracy of these systems, because the only intraoperative feedback on the true position of the reamer is the projection of a virtual reamer superimposed on two fluoroscopic images. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the displayed position of the virtual reamer in relation to the true position of the instrument when using a fluoroscopy-based navigation system (medivision, Oberdorf, Switzerland). Secondary to this, the accuracy of the drill-channel measuring tool of the system was analyzed. The study was performed on 20 sawbones. To evaluate the position of the virtual reamer, an 8-mm Perspex bar was inserted in predefined drill channels in each sawbone. AP and AX fluoroscopic images of the sawbones with the Perspex bar were loaded into the workstation. The Perspex bar was then removed and exchanged for a navigated dynamic hip screw (DHS) reamer. The position of the Perspex bar in the images represented the true position of the reamer. Subsequently, the difference between the position of the virtual reamer and the Perspex bar was measured with a dedicated computer program. Drill-channel lengths measured with the system were compared with measurements obtained with a digital ruler. The mean difference in position of the Perspex bar and reamer at a predefined point was 0.90 mm (range: 0.00-3.21 mm) in 360 images. The mean difference in length measurements between the medivision system and the digital ruler was 1.00 mm (p = 0.01, SD =1.33). Reaming and measuring the screw channel of a DHS with a medivision fluoroscopy-based navigation system can be performed with an acceptable error margin. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.