PURPOSE: The role of pelvic irradiation (PRT) in the treatment of prostate cancer remains unclear. We reviewed our institution's experience with three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy (3D-CRT) during the prostate-specific antigen era to determine the influence of PRT on the risk of biochemical recurrence in patients who have a predicted risk of lymph node involvement. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between March 1985 and January 2001, 1832 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with definitive 3D-CRT. All treatments involved CT planning to ensure coverage of the intended targets. Treatment consisted of prostate-only treatment, prostate and seminal vesicle treatment, or PRT of lymph nodes at risk followed by a boost. To create relatively homogenous analysis groups, each patient's percentage of risk of lymph node (%rLN) involvement was assigned by matching the patient's T stage, Gleason score, and initial prostate-specific antigen level to the appropriate value as described in the updated Partin tables. Three categories of %rLN involvement were defined: low, 0-5%; intermediate, >5-15%; and high, >15%. Biochemical recurrence was defined as the first occurrence of either the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition of prostate-specific antigen failure or the initiation of salvage hormonal therapy for any reason. RESULTS: The risk status (%rLN) could be determined for 709 low-risk, 263 intermediate-risk, and 309 high-risk patients. The actuarial freedom from biochemical recurrence (bNED) and the log-rank test for the similarity of the control and treatment survival functions are reported for each risk group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant benefit for the entire population treated with PRT, with a relative risk reduction of 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.54-0.97). Although the multivariate analysis could not determine the patient population that would most benefit from PRT, the beneficial effect appeared to be most pronounced within the intermediate-risk group. Univariate analysis revealed that the intermediate-risk patients treated with PRT had an improved 2-year bNED rate, 90.1% vs. 80.6% (p = 0.02), and both low-risk and high-risk patients treated with PRT had statistically similar 2-year bNED rates compared with those who did not receive it. CONCLUSION: Pelvic 3D-CRT appears to improve bNED in prostate cancer patients. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the %rLN population for which this treatment should be recommended.
PURPOSE: The role of pelvic irradiation (PRT) in the treatment of prostate cancer remains unclear. We reviewed our institution's experience with three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy (3D-CRT) during the prostate-specific antigen era to determine the influence of PRT on the risk of biochemical recurrence in patients who have a predicted risk of lymph node involvement. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between March 1985 and January 2001, 1832 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with definitive 3D-CRT. All treatments involved CT planning to ensure coverage of the intended targets. Treatment consisted of prostate-only treatment, prostate and seminal vesicle treatment, or PRT of lymph nodes at risk followed by a boost. To create relatively homogenous analysis groups, each patient's percentage of risk of lymph node (%rLN) involvement was assigned by matching the patient's T stage, Gleason score, and initial prostate-specific antigen level to the appropriate value as described in the updated Partin tables. Three categories of %rLN involvement were defined: low, 0-5%; intermediate, >5-15%; and high, >15%. Biochemical recurrence was defined as the first occurrence of either the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition of prostate-specific antigen failure or the initiation of salvage hormonal therapy for any reason. RESULTS: The risk status (%rLN) could be determined for 709 low-risk, 263 intermediate-risk, and 309 high-risk patients. The actuarial freedom from biochemical recurrence (bNED) and the log-rank test for the similarity of the control and treatment survival functions are reported for each risk group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant benefit for the entire population treated with PRT, with a relative risk reduction of 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.54-0.97). Although the multivariate analysis could not determine the patient population that would most benefit from PRT, the beneficial effect appeared to be most pronounced within the intermediate-risk group. Univariate analysis revealed that the intermediate-risk patients treated with PRT had an improved 2-year bNED rate, 90.1% vs. 80.6% (p = 0.02), and both low-risk and high-risk patients treated with PRT had statistically similar 2-year bNED rates compared with those who did not receive it. CONCLUSION: Pelvic 3D-CRT appears to improve bNED in prostate cancerpatients. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the %rLN population for which this treatment should be recommended.
Authors: Hanneke J M Meijer; Oscar A Debats; Emile N J Th van Lin; Marco van Vulpen; J Alfred Witjes; Wim J G Oyen; Jelle O Barentsz; Johannes H A M Kaanders Journal: Nat Rev Urol Date: 2013-05-28 Impact factor: 14.432
Authors: Jeremie Calais; Amar U Kishan; Minsong Cao; Wolfgang P Fendler; Matthias Eiber; Ken Herrmann; Francesco Ceci; Robert E Reiter; Matthew B Rettig; John V Hegde; Narek Shaverdian; Chris R King; Michael L Steinberg; Johannes Czernin; Nicholas G Nickols Journal: J Nucl Med Date: 2018-04-13 Impact factor: 10.057
Authors: Kiri A Sandler; Ryan R Cook; Jay P Ciezki; Ashley E Ross; Mark M Pomerantz; Paul L Nguyen; Talha Shaikh; Phuoc T Tran; Richard G Stock; Gregory S Merrick; David Jeffrey Demanes; Daniel E Spratt; Eyad I Abu-Isa; Trude B Wedde; Wolfgang Lilleby; Daniel J Krauss; Grace K Shaw; Ridwan Alam; Chandana A Reddy; Daniel Y Song; Eric A Klein; Andrew J Stephenson; Jeffrey J Tosoian; John V Hegde; Sun Mi Yoo; Ryan Fiano; Anthony V D'Amico; Nicholas G Nickols; William J Aronson; Ahmad Sadeghi; Stephen C Greco; Curtiland Deville; Todd McNutt; Theodore L DeWeese; Robert E Reiter; Jonathan W Said; Michael L Steinberg; Eric M Horwitz; Patrick A Kupelian; Christopher R King; Amar U Kishan Journal: Eur Urol Date: 2019-04-13 Impact factor: 20.096
Authors: Daniel E Spratt; Hebert A Vargas; Zachary S Zumsteg; Jennifer S Golia Pernicka; Joseph R Osborne; Xin Pei; Michael J Zelefsky Journal: Eur Urol Date: 2016-08-11 Impact factor: 20.096
Authors: Christine Ko; Holly Ning; Elena Lita; Deborah McNally; Bradford J Wood; Peter Choyke; Peter Guion; Sharon Smith; Axel Krieger; Kevin Camphausen; Anurag K Singh; Aradhana Kaushal Journal: World J Oncol Date: 2012-02-19