OBJECTIVE: To test the accuracy of a thermal conductivity xenon sensor in vitro and in vivo and to test the effect of xenon on other anesthetic gas analyzers as determined by a mass spectrometry gold standard. METHODS: The xenon concentration was measured with a prototype of a thermal conductivity sensor and a mass spectrometer in vitro and in 6 patients. Further in vitro experiments determined the impact of xenon on the measurements of oxygen, carbon dioxide and desflurane with three commercially available anesthesia gas monitors. RESULTS: In vitro the thermal conductivity sensor and an associated computer, when calibrated against a mass spectrometer using a third order polynomial calibration curve measured the xenon concentration to a 95% confidence limit of -1.2 to +1.8 vol% compared to mass spectrometry. In vivo and under clinical conditions with a mixture of xenon, O2 and CO2 the 95% confidence limit was -2.5 to +1.6 vol% with a mean bias of -0.5 vol% over a concentration range of 20 to 70 vol%. Xenon induced a clinically relevant bias on the measurements of oxygen (up to 5 vol%), carbon dioxide and desflurane (both twofold overestimation) in a Hewlett-Packard M1025B monitor. In contrast there was only a small bias on the measurements of a Drager PM8060 and a Datex AS3 compact monitor, which was statistically significant (oxygen and desflurane) but clinically irrelevant. CONCLUSION: Thermal conductivity is a clinically useful technique to measure xenon in the breathing circuit despite its statistically significant but clinically irrelevant error compared to mass spectrometry. Other gases of interest have to be measured with selected monitors explicitly approved or tested for use with xenon.
OBJECTIVE: To test the accuracy of a thermal conductivity xenon sensor in vitro and in vivo and to test the effect of xenon on other anesthetic gas analyzers as determined by a mass spectrometry gold standard. METHODS: The xenon concentration was measured with a prototype of a thermal conductivity sensor and a mass spectrometer in vitro and in 6 patients. Further in vitro experiments determined the impact of xenon on the measurements of oxygen, carbon dioxide and desflurane with three commercially available anesthesia gas monitors. RESULTS: In vitro the thermal conductivity sensor and an associated computer, when calibrated against a mass spectrometer using a third order polynomial calibration curve measured the xenon concentration to a 95% confidence limit of -1.2 to +1.8 vol% compared to mass spectrometry. In vivo and under clinical conditions with a mixture of xenon, O2 and CO2 the 95% confidence limit was -2.5 to +1.6 vol% with a mean bias of -0.5 vol% over a concentration range of 20 to 70 vol%. Xenon induced a clinically relevant bias on the measurements of oxygen (up to 5 vol%), carbon dioxide and desflurane (both twofold overestimation) in a Hewlett-Packard M1025B monitor. In contrast there was only a small bias on the measurements of a Drager PM8060 and a Datex AS3 compact monitor, which was statistically significant (oxygen and desflurane) but clinically irrelevant. CONCLUSION: Thermal conductivity is a clinically useful technique to measure xenon in the breathing circuit despite its statistically significant but clinically irrelevant error compared to mass spectrometry. Other gases of interest have to be measured with selected monitors explicitly approved or tested for use with xenon.
Authors: Melvin E Klegerman; Melanie R Moody; Jermaine R Hurling; Tao Peng; Shao-Ling Huang; David D McPherson Journal: Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom Date: 2017-01-15 Impact factor: 2.419