OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the variables affecting embryo transfer success or failure and to define technical factors associated with optimal outcome. DESIGN: Literature review. RESULTS: Avoidance of blood, mucus, bacterial contamination, excessive uterine contractions, and trauma to the endometrium is associated with optimal pregnancy and implantation rates after transcervical embryo transfer. A trial transfer, ultrasonographic guidance, and use of "soft" catheters appear to facilitate successful embryo transfer. CONCLUSION: An understanding of the variables associated with embryo transfer success together with adherence to techniques shown to facilitate atraumatic embryo transfer will enhance the efficiency of IVF by maximizing embryo implantation.
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the variables affecting embryo transfer success or failure and to define technical factors associated with optimal outcome. DESIGN: Literature review. RESULTS: Avoidance of blood, mucus, bacterial contamination, excessive uterine contractions, and trauma to the endometrium is associated with optimal pregnancy and implantation rates after transcervical embryo transfer. A trial transfer, ultrasonographic guidance, and use of "soft" catheters appear to facilitate successful embryo transfer. CONCLUSION: An understanding of the variables associated with embryo transfer success together with adherence to techniques shown to facilitate atraumatic embryo transfer will enhance the efficiency of IVF by maximizing embryo implantation.
Authors: Sebastian Mirkin; Estella L Jones; Jacob F Mayer; Laurel Stadtmauer; William E Gibbons; Sergio Oehninger Journal: J Assist Reprod Genet Date: 2003-08 Impact factor: 3.412
Authors: Sang Min Kang; Sang Won Lee; Hak Jun Jeong; San Hyun Yoon; Min Whan Koh; Jin Ho Lim; Seong Goo Lee Journal: J Assist Reprod Genet Date: 2012-03-01 Impact factor: 3.412
Authors: Julian A Gingold; Joseph A Lee; Jorge Rodriguez-Purata; Michael C Whitehouse; Benjamin Sandler; Lawrence Grunfeld; Tanmoy Mukherjee; Alan B Copperman Journal: Fertil Steril Date: 2015-06-13 Impact factor: 7.329