Principles and applications of thermal biosensors.

A review of thermistor-based calorimetric measurement is presented. The principles of thermometric measurements are highlighted in the introduction followed by the instrumentation, materials and methods. Various applications relating to enzyme activity measurements, clinical monitoring, process monitoring, multianalyte determination, hybrid sensing, environmental monitoring, non-aqueous measurements and other miscellaneous applications are described. A brief note on future developments and a detailed reference list is also included.