Interactions between perception and action in a reaction task with overlapping S-R assignments.

We have used a novel task to study relationships between perception and action. Four experiments studied stimulus-response (S-R) relationships under conditions in which stimuli and responses were functionally unrelated (i.e., not assigned to each other by instruction) and merely overlapped in time. On each trial, participants carried out movements on a graphic tablet while observing motions displayed on a computer screen. The movement on trial n was specified by the motion observed on the previous trial n-1, whereas the motion observed on trial n specified the movement to be performed on trial n + 1. Results showed that stimulus motion had a contrast-like impact on response movement. Watching a small motion while performing a medium-sized movement increased movement size, whereas watching a large motion led to a decrease (Experiment 1). Further experiments showed that the contrast pattern was not affected by the mode of motion presentation (Experiment 2), or by the interval between motion and movement execution (Experiment 3). Contrast was also observed in the reverse direction, i.e., from action to perception (Experiment 4). We propose that the contrast effect is due to a mechanism for selective code modification. This mechanism acts to increase the distinctiveness of simultaneously activated perception and action codes in a common representational domain.