Visual detection and localization of radiographic images.

In conventional receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of visual detection performance, the observer is credited with a true-positive response if a visual signal is present somewhere in a radiograph called "positive" by the observer; however, the measured true-positive rate can be different for a given false-positive rate if the observer is required to identify the correct location of the visual signal in order to receive credit for a true-positive response. The authors describe and have confirmed experimentally a model which can be used to predict observer performance in an experiment requiring both detection and localization on the basis of the conventional ROC curve determined in a detection experiment. Implications for the use of signal detection theory in the assessment of radiographic image quality are discussed.