Development of a static simulator of the mandible.

Our aim was to build and assess a static mandibular simulator capable of reproducing various masticatory exercises as closely as possible to physiological situations. Unlike existing devices that reproduce a small number of exercises and of muscular bundles, our simulator is able to reproduce all types of effort in the sagittal plane and integrates eleven muscular groups considered by the majority of authors as being the most important in mastication. The value of our simulator arises from its ability to replicate the external forces (including muscular traction, intra-articular reaction and resultant forces applied to the mandible) as determined in vivo during previous studies. The importance of such a versatile simulator, in addition to enabling study of the mechanical behaviour of the mandible, is that it greatly enhances evaluation of a possible mathematical model by means of finite element analysis. Stages of the development and evaluation of this device are described.