Automatic identification of metaphase spreads and nuclei using neural networks.

The mitotic index (MI) is an important measure in cell proliferation studies. Determination of the MI is usually made by light-microscope analysis of slide preparations. The analyst identifies and counts thousands of cells and reports the percentage of mitotic shapes found among the interphase nuclei. Full automation of this process is an ambitious task, because there can exist very few mitotic shapes among hundreds of nuclei and thousands of artifacts, resulting in a high probability of false positives, i.e. objects erroneously identified as mitosis or nuclei. A semi-automated approach for MI calculation is reported, based on the development of a neural network (NN) for automatic identification of metaphase spreads and stimulated nuclei in digital images of microscope preparations at 10X magnification. After segmentation of the objects on each image, ten different morphometrical, photometrical and textural features are measured on each segmented object. An NN is used to classify the feature vectors into three classes: metaphases, nuclei and artifacts. The system has been able to classify correctly approximately 91% of the objects in each class, in a test set of 191 mitosis, 331 nuclei and 387 artifacts, obtained from 30 different microscope slides. Manual editing of false positives from the metaphase classification results allows the calculation of the MI with an error of 6.5%.