SETTING: Many epidemiologic studies of tuberculosis are being conducted worldwide. Fingerprinting with a secondary marker in strains with fewer than six IS6110-hybridizing bands enhances the tracking of strains, but its impact on population-level inferences has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of secondary genotyping for low-copy Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with polymorphic guanine-cytosine-rich repetitive sequence (PGRS) on epidemiologic inferences in population-based research settings. DESIGN: For San Francisco tuberculosis cases (1991-1996), clusters were defined by IS6110 alone and by PGRS/IS6110 to 1) estimate recent transmission, 2) evaluate the theoretical influence of bacterial population parameters on these estimates, and 3) assess risk factors for recent transmission. RESULTS: Secondary typing on low-copy strains (20.3% of all isolates) decreased the estimate of recent transmission from 29.1% to 25.3% (P = 0.03). The most influential parameters in determining whether supplemental genotyping results in different estimates were the proportion of low-copy strains and the amount of clustering. Risk factors for recent transmission were identical for both definitions of clustering. CONCLUSION: The statistical and inferred effects of secondary genotyping of M. tuberculosis seem to depend on the proportion of low-copy strains in the population. When this proportion is low or when few secondary patterns match, supplemental genotyping may yield minimal insight into population-level investigations.
SETTING: Many epidemiologic studies of tuberculosis are being conducted worldwide. Fingerprinting with a secondary marker in strains with fewer than six IS6110-hybridizing bands enhances the tracking of strains, but its impact on population-level inferences has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of secondary genotyping for low-copy Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with polymorphic guanine-cytosine-rich repetitive sequence (PGRS) on epidemiologic inferences in population-based research settings. DESIGN: For San Francisco tuberculosis cases (1991-1996), clusters were defined by IS6110 alone and by PGRS/IS6110 to 1) estimate recent transmission, 2) evaluate the theoretical influence of bacterial population parameters on these estimates, and 3) assess risk factors for recent transmission. RESULTS: Secondary typing on low-copy strains (20.3% of all isolates) decreased the estimate of recent transmission from 29.1% to 25.3% (P = 0.03). The most influential parameters in determining whether supplemental genotyping results in different estimates were the proportion of low-copy strains and the amount of clustering. Risk factors for recent transmission were identical for both definitions of clustering. CONCLUSION: The statistical and inferred effects of secondary genotyping of M. tuberculosis seem to depend on the proportion of low-copy strains in the population. When this proportion is low or when few secondary patterns match, supplemental genotyping may yield minimal insight into population-level investigations.
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