Aortic Stenosis.

Choice of the best surgical option for aortic stenosis (AS) must be individualized and requires discussion among patient, cardiologist, and surgeon to weigh the risks and benefits of different options. Mechanical valves have been preferred for young patients, for those with a life expectancy of more than 10 to 15 years, or for those who require anticoagulation. Bioprosthetic valves have been preferred for elderly patients, for patients with limited life expectancy, or for patients who are unable to be anticoagulated. Newer tissue valves (eg, the stentless porcine aortic bioprosthesis and homografts) as well as newer techniques (eg, the Ross procedure) have increased the number of available options and the complexity of the decision-making process.