Cytogenetic characterization of two colon cell lines by using conventional G-banding, comparative genomic hybridization, and whole chromosome painting.

The heterogeneous nature of genetic alterations in cancer cells handicaps the full characterization of its occurrence and the analysis of their molecular bases and relation to biological processes. Although many cancer cells are highly aneuploid, in other cases, as in a subset of colorectal carcinomas displaying microsatellite instability, chromosomal aberrations are scarce. The aim of this study was to fully characterize both qualitatively and quantitatively, the karyotypes of two established colon carcinoma cell lines (LoVo and HCT 116) previously reported as being near diploid. An array of complementary cytogenetic techniques were used: G-banding, comparative genome hybridization (CGH), and whole-chromosome painting (WCP). Combinations of these techniques provided an accurate karyotype for the two cell lines: LoVo cells showed 49,XY,t(2;12)(q13;p11.2),+5,+7,+12,i(15)(q10) and HCT 116 cells showed 45,X,-Y,dup(10)(q24q26),der(16)t(8;16)(q13;p13), der(18)t(17;18)(q21;p11.3). Heterogeneity was also observed in both cell lines as shown by G-banding. Chromosomal unbalances determined by CGH (many of them related to structural reorganizations) were characterized by WCP, allowing the reliable identification of those chromosome markers that could not be completely identified by G-banding. We show that combined analysis with classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques provides an accurate map of chromosomal aberrations in these two cell lines not identified in previous investigations.