Biopsychosocial aspects of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer early detection choices and treatment options are fraught with controversy. To update the consultation-liaison psychiatrist who works with at-risk men, the authors reviewed all pertinent citations in the medicine database from 1966 to 1998 and in other relevant publications. Though watchful waiting for early-stage prostate cancer has no side effects, men must cope psychologically with issues of long-term cancer survivorship. Men can choose between different treatment options (e.g., radiation vs. radical prostatectomy) with early detection. Urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and fatigue are major emotional and physical stressors for this population. Consultation-liaison psychiatrists and physicians need to be aware of the psychosocial sequelae of both prostate cancer and treatment-related side effects.