Communicating genetic risk information.

It is envisaged that genetic information will be used, together with other types of information, to assess individuals' risks of developing a variety of common conditions. Such risk assessments will involve providing probabilistic information partly based upon results of genetic tests in order to facilitate behaviour change without causing excessive anxiety. The behaviours targeted for change are likely to include adherence to prescribed medication, alteration to diet, increasing levels of exercise and quitting smoking. This paper reviews research already conducted on perceptions of risk and genes, methods of facilitating behaviour change and reducing anxiety following various types of risk assessment. Although risk assessment and interventions to reduce risks have been conducted for over 20 years, very little rigorous research exists. For the investments in the new genetics to be realised, research is now needed both in how individuals respond to risk information that involves the use of genetic information and in how to facilitate and maintain behaviour change to reduce such risks.